Breast Implants For Tattoos
factoryman
06-20 06:29 PM
Download and do it. Your attorney may be asking for that purpose. Only last 5 years.
Is there any official Period of Stay form or its just a summary statement from us about entry exit from start till now.
Is there any official Period of Stay form or its just a summary statement from us about entry exit from start till now.
wallpaper Breast Implants For Tattoos
Top Celebrity Tattoo Breast
cableching
07-11 03:02 PM
I think movement in EB-3 for India nad Chine will be difficult, as most of the folks from ROW apply under EB3 and most of the applicants in EB2 are from India and Chine?
As a result EB-3 quota is used up easily and the per country limits apply for Indians and Chinese. Where as for EB-2, the per country limits do not apply as the ROW applicants are not that many.
As a result EB-3 quota is used up easily and the per country limits apply for Indians and Chinese. Where as for EB-2, the per country limits do not apply as the ROW applicants are not that many.
paw tattoo on reast.
buehler
06-13 11:13 AM
I have seen this same footage months ago and to it don't look real, its cooked. Some facts there are just un-digestible like the gora guy will take job of a waiter immediately after working as senior exec. cmon market is not that bad unless he don't know anything else and don't have ability to get other similar job, then he should be fired anyways. and then that carlos guy, his dress up don't seems convincing that other execs will give me good response after presentation. its all cooked... showing 600k+ numbers are all bogus.
I thought that the video was quite funny. Now for some one to think that it is true is even more funny. :D
I thought that the video was quite funny. Now for some one to think that it is true is even more funny. :D
2011 Top Celebrity Tattoo Breast
For Girl Tattoos On Breast
sanjeev_2004
11-20 09:40 PM
My H1-B expires in another 8 months. I got my Labor cleared (EB-2) in 2 months through Perm and just finished applying for I-140. Before february, if i don't get my I-140 cleared i will go through Premium and apply for H1-B 3 year extension.
Getting my H1-B extended for 3 years is my goal. Once this happens, i will look elsewhere for a new job and start over GC process again hoping thta by then labor laws improve.
I have not dreamed/hoped to get GC. I am only hoping to stay in this country as long as possible.
I still don't understand why people are frustrated with delays in GC?
Why should you even stress yourself too much about this GC. Just enjoy the life and move on.
thanks
I agree with you. Only sick ppl are frustrated with delay in GC.
Getting my H1-B extended for 3 years is my goal. Once this happens, i will look elsewhere for a new job and start over GC process again hoping thta by then labor laws improve.
I have not dreamed/hoped to get GC. I am only hoping to stay in this country as long as possible.
I still don't understand why people are frustrated with delays in GC?
Why should you even stress yourself too much about this GC. Just enjoy the life and move on.
thanks
I agree with you. Only sick ppl are frustrated with delay in GC.
more...
Breast tattoos are not new to
pmb76
03-15 08:28 PM
The biggest problem is interfiling from EB3 to EB2. USCIS must not allow anyone to change categories and retain old priority dates. This is nothing short of cheating ! What about the people who have been standing in line. You can't just change the rules when they suit you and get into the middle of the line. Pathetic !
Breast cancer ribbon tattoo
vghc
07-03 11:23 AM
The point is to not 'distribute pain', it is to reduce the pain of a group.
Again, even though the benefits may go to one 'group', let me tell you that it is not a formal group and just as all ROW applicants are not one group, non-ROW applicants too are individuals and IT DOESN'T MATTER TO ONE INDIVIDUAL HOW MUCH OTHERS GOT BENEFITED.
So your point of saying that one group is benefited is irrelevant, because GCs aren't given to groups and only to individual applicants.
Your other point is absolutely right! Family should not be counted, and I'm in 100% agreement with that!
I am sure if the EB GC's goes to the principle applicant we all won't be in this bad of a shape. Its because of the addition of wife or kids, the number pool dries up faster. So if one wants to petition of elimination of country quote under the notion that EB community is needed because of our skills, take out the family members, then it makes sense, if not, don't. My 2 cents.
Again, even though the benefits may go to one 'group', let me tell you that it is not a formal group and just as all ROW applicants are not one group, non-ROW applicants too are individuals and IT DOESN'T MATTER TO ONE INDIVIDUAL HOW MUCH OTHERS GOT BENEFITED.
So your point of saying that one group is benefited is irrelevant, because GCs aren't given to groups and only to individual applicants.
Your other point is absolutely right! Family should not be counted, and I'm in 100% agreement with that!
I am sure if the EB GC's goes to the principle applicant we all won't be in this bad of a shape. Its because of the addition of wife or kids, the number pool dries up faster. So if one wants to petition of elimination of country quote under the notion that EB community is needed because of our skills, take out the family members, then it makes sense, if not, don't. My 2 cents.
more...
Star Tattoos On Breast.
anandsun
04-21 11:01 PM
Pratik and Jay spent some quality time with the Congressman AFTER the meeting was over. They should be updating us very soon.
Thanks
Anand
Thanks
Anand
2010 paw tattoo on reast.
rose tattoo besides reast
pappu
04-23 10:18 AM
This meeting was a success since IV was able to display support for the bill and also then follow up after the meeting. IV core members worked hard to make this event a success and we are happy to report this. We did get an irresponsible member gautamagg in this event by using IV's name and asking a wrong question. This Q and A session should have been used to talk about the general issues of the organization members and that IV fully supports the bill that brings relief to us. And not asking if this congressman can get me a F1 visa because I don't want to spend $100 and ask this question to a lawyer. Or saying I am getting a 100K salary now and if I get my greencard I can get 120K salary and I am very depressed because of that. It is really tough to discipline everyone coming to the meetings and making sure each question will be well thought of and coordinated. There are definitely some lessons learnt after such representations in public meetings.
Many thanks to gsc999 for bringing a banner and wearing IV t-shirt. We also want to acknowledge his contributions of over $1K to immigrationvoice and wish we have more members like him. Many thanks to members who helped us call all CA members and ensured we have a good turnout. Our success will be very close if we have such committed and responsible members.
Members are requested to be mature and responsible in such meetings. If you are using IV’s name and IV has invited you for the meeting, you are representing all 10,700+ members and you are their voice.
Many thanks to gsc999 for bringing a banner and wearing IV t-shirt. We also want to acknowledge his contributions of over $1K to immigrationvoice and wish we have more members like him. Many thanks to members who helped us call all CA members and ensured we have a good turnout. Our success will be very close if we have such committed and responsible members.
Members are requested to be mature and responsible in such meetings. If you are using IV’s name and IV has invited you for the meeting, you are representing all 10,700+ members and you are their voice.
more...
Sexy Upper Breast Tattoos Sexy
Jitamitra
06-08 06:04 PM
Same old stuff. I dont see a light at the end of the tunnel till some immigration reform bill gets shoved in or a comprehensive immigration bill is introduced.
The obama administration is not in a mood to touch immigration and we live to be scape goats of policies back from 90's.
The obama administration is not in a mood to touch immigration and we live to be scape goats of policies back from 90's.
hair For Girl Tattoos On Breast
(Breast Cancer Tattoo Design .
Legal
07-04 07:58 PM
EXCELLENT ANALYSIS. STILL THERE ARE PROBLEMS.
The rough estimation is about 500K to 700K new 485s and same amount of EAD and AP applications will be filed in July.
1. ARE YOU SURE THIS NUMBER IS ACCURATE? 700K? SEEMS TO BE EXAGGERATED.
When they took inventory in May, there are about 40,000 documentarily qualified 485 applications were pending due to non-availability of visa numbers. The �documentarily qualified 485 applications� mean the application filed long time back and processed by USCIS and cleared the FBI name and criminal check, and found eligible for green card.
2.IF THESE 40K WERE OTHERWISE QULAIFIED WHY WERE THEY SITTING ON THEM UNTIL MID-JUNE ....TO START WITH? IF THEY WERE SO EAGER TO FOLLOW THE OMBUDSMAN'S GUIDELINES WHY WERE THEY SO SLOW IN USING UP THE VISA NUMBERS UNTIL MID JUNE?
However, the available visas are more than 40,000 (60to 70K). Then they made with out consulting properly with USCIS they made �current� for all EB categories. This is how they determine �current� or �over-subscribed� and how they establish cutoff dates.
3.MORE PRECISE DESCRIPTION WOULD BE THEY WERE COMPLETELY RECKLESS..GIVE A S+I& ABOUT HOW MUCH THEIR ACTIONS AFFECT THE CUSTOMERS.
For example, an EB3-Indian whose LC approved through fast PERM on July 30th 2007, can apply 140 and 485 on July 31st 2007 as per July visa bullet. For his PD, it will take another 10 years for the approval of 485. During this 10 year period, he/she has to live in EAD and AP and need to go for finger print every 15 month.
4.OK..... WHICH PART OF THIS AFFECTED THE STAFF AT USCIS... THE FACT THAT MANY OF US WILL ONLY HAVE EAD FOR 10 YRS OR THE FACT THAT MORE EAD RENEWALS MEANS MORE CUMBERSOME WORK FOR THEM? I'M AFRAID IT IS THE LATER.
Now, they used all 140K visas this year.
5.AREN'T THEY REQUIRED BY LAW TO SPREAD THE NUMBERS FOR EACH QUARTER? DON'T THEY HAVE LIMITATIONS ON HOW MUCH THEY CAN USE FOR EACH MONTH ETC?
The constructive approach is getting an immediate interim relief by legislation to recapture unused visas in previous years to balance the supply vs demand difference.
6.I AGREE. THIS COULD BE THE ONLY >POTENTIAL <SILVER LINING. HOWEVER, OPPONENTS WHO FOUGHT THE PREVIOUS LEGISLATIONS IN FAVOR OF US WON'T LET IT HAPPEN THAT EASILY.
THERE IS NO OTHER CHOICE OTHER THAN TRYING..
The rough estimation is about 500K to 700K new 485s and same amount of EAD and AP applications will be filed in July.
1. ARE YOU SURE THIS NUMBER IS ACCURATE? 700K? SEEMS TO BE EXAGGERATED.
When they took inventory in May, there are about 40,000 documentarily qualified 485 applications were pending due to non-availability of visa numbers. The �documentarily qualified 485 applications� mean the application filed long time back and processed by USCIS and cleared the FBI name and criminal check, and found eligible for green card.
2.IF THESE 40K WERE OTHERWISE QULAIFIED WHY WERE THEY SITTING ON THEM UNTIL MID-JUNE ....TO START WITH? IF THEY WERE SO EAGER TO FOLLOW THE OMBUDSMAN'S GUIDELINES WHY WERE THEY SO SLOW IN USING UP THE VISA NUMBERS UNTIL MID JUNE?
However, the available visas are more than 40,000 (60to 70K). Then they made with out consulting properly with USCIS they made �current� for all EB categories. This is how they determine �current� or �over-subscribed� and how they establish cutoff dates.
3.MORE PRECISE DESCRIPTION WOULD BE THEY WERE COMPLETELY RECKLESS..GIVE A S+I& ABOUT HOW MUCH THEIR ACTIONS AFFECT THE CUSTOMERS.
For example, an EB3-Indian whose LC approved through fast PERM on July 30th 2007, can apply 140 and 485 on July 31st 2007 as per July visa bullet. For his PD, it will take another 10 years for the approval of 485. During this 10 year period, he/she has to live in EAD and AP and need to go for finger print every 15 month.
4.OK..... WHICH PART OF THIS AFFECTED THE STAFF AT USCIS... THE FACT THAT MANY OF US WILL ONLY HAVE EAD FOR 10 YRS OR THE FACT THAT MORE EAD RENEWALS MEANS MORE CUMBERSOME WORK FOR THEM? I'M AFRAID IT IS THE LATER.
Now, they used all 140K visas this year.
5.AREN'T THEY REQUIRED BY LAW TO SPREAD THE NUMBERS FOR EACH QUARTER? DON'T THEY HAVE LIMITATIONS ON HOW MUCH THEY CAN USE FOR EACH MONTH ETC?
The constructive approach is getting an immediate interim relief by legislation to recapture unused visas in previous years to balance the supply vs demand difference.
6.I AGREE. THIS COULD BE THE ONLY >POTENTIAL <SILVER LINING. HOWEVER, OPPONENTS WHO FOUGHT THE PREVIOUS LEGISLATIONS IN FAVOR OF US WON'T LET IT HAPPEN THAT EASILY.
THERE IS NO OTHER CHOICE OTHER THAN TRYING..
more...
Tattoo on Leg
battineni
08-12 09:47 AM
How come a person with EB2 category applied GC in 2006 doing the same thing that a EB3 person does who applied GC in 2002 gets their Green Cards approved?? Again not against any category...What in the world of kinda rationale is this is??
not even 2002, it's just 01Jan2002, means only 2001.
EB2 person who applied for greencard in 2006 getting the GC wth the person who applied in EB2 - 2006.
This gap between EB2 and EB3 is keep on increasing....
EB2 move is in Months....EB3 move not even in Days...
I'm not against EB2... but just comparing.:(
not even 2002, it's just 01Jan2002, means only 2001.
EB2 person who applied for greencard in 2006 getting the GC wth the person who applied in EB2 - 2006.
This gap between EB2 and EB3 is keep on increasing....
EB2 move is in Months....EB3 move not even in Days...
I'm not against EB2... but just comparing.:(
hot Breast tattoos are not new to
a tribal reast tattoo on
logiclife
12-12 10:26 AM
We have asked an immigration lawyer this question. Someone even quoted all the sections of INA and CFR(code of federal regulations) to make the point -- that you can have regulation changed to file 485.
The lawyer was of the opinion that you need change in INA to be able to file 485 when dates are not current. It cannot be done with administrative changes.
The lawyer was of the opinion that you need change in INA to be able to file 485 when dates are not current. It cannot be done with administrative changes.
more...
house Breast+cancer+support+tattoos
reast tattoos. Female Breast Tattoo Gallery; Female Breast Tattoo Gallery
rmscandy2006
04-08 10:11 AM
I think -We have to come to our senses. The law wants to treat us as slaves. Do the work and go back. They do not want to give the opportunity to have the american dream. They do not have problem with mexicans, or arabic country people, or anybody. All they want is - we do not want smart talented ones to take our white collar jobs.
We are screwed by our Desi employers, the law. We do it for $. So it is really upto us to choose from. Money or respect.
When I see fellow indians, at the age of 40, I feel pity. Most of us would see that they are in dilema as what to do. What they are doing is correct. They live a succumbed life.
Choose life !! is the better option !!
We are screwed by our Desi employers, the law. We do it for $. So it is really upto us to choose from. Money or respect.
When I see fellow indians, at the age of 40, I feel pity. Most of us would see that they are in dilema as what to do. What they are doing is correct. They live a succumbed life.
Choose life !! is the better option !!
tattoo Breast cancer ribbon tattoo
Wings Sexy Tattoo
velan
06-30 09:18 PM
Thanks for the update.
more...
pictures Star Tattoos On Breast.
Middle Of Breast Tattoos
aj1234567
07-18 06:08 PM
Hi Gurus,
My PD is Dec06 EB2, do you have any guess when I will be current.
Thanks
My PD is Dec06 EB2, do you have any guess when I will be current.
Thanks
dresses a tribal reast tattoo on
My Breast Cancer Ribbon Tattoo
BharatPremi
09-26 07:23 PM
[QUOTE=BharatPremi;173398]Hermione,
How confident are you to call them "Ignorant".... It could be very planned and calculative agenda. Writer writes in CNN. Never ever be ignorant about their tactful agenda, capacity and wilful application of the polity.[QUOTE]
Yeah, and everyone is out there to get you.
Honestly, I think it is a waste of time to try to educate Americans what is what in immigration system. We need to push for our issues by proving why it is a good thing for the country, and not get caught up in this vs that. OK, so you convince the editor that the rally was not about H1Bs. All he will do is wack the sentence about the rally out of the article, because now it does not refer to the topic of the article, which is about H1 visas. Would that be an achievement? Hardly.
I agree with you partially. It may not be achievement but at least readers will not be misinformed and become aware about our real agenda.
How confident are you to call them "Ignorant".... It could be very planned and calculative agenda. Writer writes in CNN. Never ever be ignorant about their tactful agenda, capacity and wilful application of the polity.[QUOTE]
Yeah, and everyone is out there to get you.
Honestly, I think it is a waste of time to try to educate Americans what is what in immigration system. We need to push for our issues by proving why it is a good thing for the country, and not get caught up in this vs that. OK, so you convince the editor that the rally was not about H1Bs. All he will do is wack the sentence about the rally out of the article, because now it does not refer to the topic of the article, which is about H1 visas. Would that be an achievement? Hardly.
I agree with you partially. It may not be achievement but at least readers will not be misinformed and become aware about our real agenda.
more...
makeup Sexy Upper Breast Tattoos Sexy
Breast+cancer+support+tattoos
stucklabor
07-24 10:29 AM
USCIS cannot allow people to file for I-485 at its own discretion without visa number availability.
By law, an immigrant visa number has to be available to the alien at the time the application for adjustment of status is filed. See Sec. 245 (a)(3) below.
As someone already mentioned, everyone has full time jobs and can't respond to suggestions immediately. Thanks for the patience and the bright ideas.
http://www.uscis.gov/lpBin/lpext.dll/inserts/slb/slb-1/slb-20/slb-7169?f=templates&fn=document-frame.htm#slb-act245
INA: ACT 245 - ADJUSTMENT OF STATUS OF NONIMMIGRANT TO THAT OF PERSON ADMITTED FOR PERMANENT RESIDENCE
Sec. 245. [8 U.S.C. 1255]
(a) The status of an alien who was inspected and admitted or paroled into the United States 1/ or the status of any other alien having an approved petition for classification under subparagraph (A)(iii), (A)(iv), (B)(ii), or (B)(iii) of section 204(a)(1) or may be adjusted by the Attorney General, in his discretion and under such regulations as he may prescribe, to that of an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence if
(1) the alien makes an application for such adjustment,
(2) the alien is eligible to receive an immigrant visa and is admissible to the United States for permanent residence, and
(3) an immigrant visa is immediately available to him at the time his application is filed.
By law, an immigrant visa number has to be available to the alien at the time the application for adjustment of status is filed. See Sec. 245 (a)(3) below.
As someone already mentioned, everyone has full time jobs and can't respond to suggestions immediately. Thanks for the patience and the bright ideas.
http://www.uscis.gov/lpBin/lpext.dll/inserts/slb/slb-1/slb-20/slb-7169?f=templates&fn=document-frame.htm#slb-act245
INA: ACT 245 - ADJUSTMENT OF STATUS OF NONIMMIGRANT TO THAT OF PERSON ADMITTED FOR PERMANENT RESIDENCE
Sec. 245. [8 U.S.C. 1255]
(a) The status of an alien who was inspected and admitted or paroled into the United States 1/ or the status of any other alien having an approved petition for classification under subparagraph (A)(iii), (A)(iv), (B)(ii), or (B)(iii) of section 204(a)(1) or may be adjusted by the Attorney General, in his discretion and under such regulations as he may prescribe, to that of an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence if
(1) the alien makes an application for such adjustment,
(2) the alien is eligible to receive an immigrant visa and is admissible to the United States for permanent residence, and
(3) an immigrant visa is immediately available to him at the time his application is filed.
girlfriend Wings Sexy Tattoo
Pat Coleman Breast cancer
Jaime
09-12 01:52 PM
Hi,
I carnt make it to the DC Rally, as i am in the UK, but this morning i sent the Channel 4 News desk an email explaining our plight in the hope that they might cover the DC rally and get you guys some air time, i also sent the same email to the ITN news desk, so you never know you might be on TV over here.
Hope this counts as a contribution. ???
Regards
Ian lock
EB3 ROW
Just like Tesco says! Thanks!
I carnt make it to the DC Rally, as i am in the UK, but this morning i sent the Channel 4 News desk an email explaining our plight in the hope that they might cover the DC rally and get you guys some air time, i also sent the same email to the ITN news desk, so you never know you might be on TV over here.
Hope this counts as a contribution. ???
Regards
Ian lock
EB3 ROW
Just like Tesco says! Thanks!
hairstyles Tattoo on Leg
Amazing Tattoos Girls reast
anil_gc
09-26 10:24 AM
sent e-mail to the cnn editor
Jaime
09-11 03:54 PM
For the first time in its history, the U.S. faces the prospect of a reverse brain drain. New research by my team at the Pratt School of Engineering at Duke University shows that more than 1 million highly skilled professionals such as engineers, scientists, doctors, researchers, and their families are in line for a yearly allotment of only around 120,000 permanent-resident visas for employment-based principals and their families in the three main employment visa categories (EB-1, EB-2, and EB-3). These individuals entered the country legally to study or to work. They contributed to U.S. economic growth and global competitiveness. Now we've set the stage for them to return to countries such as India and China, where the economies are booming and their skills are in great demand. U.S. businesses large and small stand to lose critical talent, and workers who have gained valuable experience and knowledge of American industry may become potential competitors.
The problem is simple. There aren't enough permanent-resident visas available each year for skilled workers and their families. And there is a limit of fewer than 10,000 visas that can be issued to immigrants from any single country. So countries with the largest populations such as India and China are allocated the same number of visas as Iceland and Mongolia.
Visa Delays Deprive U.S. of Talent The result is that wait times for employment visas currently stretch from four to six years for immigrants from countries such as India and China, and all indications are that these delays will get longer. Based on a 2003 study of new legal immigrants to the U.S. called the New Immigrant Survey, we estimate that in 2003, about 1 in 3 professionals who had been through the immigration process either planned to leave the U.S. or were uncertain about remaining. Media reports and other anecdotal evidence indicate that many skilled workers have indeed begun to return home.
Much of the current public debate on immigration centers on concerns over low-skilled immigrants entering the U.S. illegally. We do need to develop fair policies to deal with this problem. But skilled immigrants who enter the U.S. legally are a different issue. Professor Richard Devon of Pennsylvania State University estimates that in the U.S. about $200,000 is invested in a child by the time they gain a bachelor's degree in engineering. That means that the U.S. gains billions of dollars in benefit from educated professionals who leave other countries to come here. And we lose billions when they return home. Additionally, we end up training highly skilled workers in our markets, technology, and way of doing business.
Consider this: Earlier research by my team found that more than half of the engineering and technology companies started in Silicon Valley and a quarter of those started nationwide from 1995 to 2006 had immigrant founders. These companies employed 450,000 workers and generated $52 billion in revenue in 2006. Their founders tended to be very highly educated in science, technology, math, and engineering-related disciplines, with 96% of them holding bachelor's degrees and 75% holding master's degrees or PhDs (see BusinessWeek.com, 6/11/07, "Immigrants: Key U.S. Business Founders").
Patents: Evidence of Entrepreneurial Activity We also uncovered some puzzling data on patent filings. When we analyzed the international patent database maintained by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), we found that 1 in every 4 patent applications from the U.S. in 2006 listed a foreign national residing in the U.S. as an inventor. This number had increased threefold over an eight-year period and didn't take into account inventors who had become U.S. citizens before applying for a patent.
We realized that these foreign-national inventors were not likely to be from the same immigrant group that was founding high-tech companies. They were likely to be PhD students and employees of U.S. corporations who are in the U.S. on temporary visas. Temporary-visa holders can't easily start their own companies�their visas require them to work full time for the company that sponsored them.
For our new research, we reanalyzed the WIPO patent database to look at which immigrant groups and corporations were applying for the most patents. To understand the foreign-national data, we examined extensive information published by the Homeland Security Dept., the Labor Dept., and the State Dept. We also reviewed the New Immigrant Survey to gain insight into the immigration process and to examine the potential that, even after becoming permanent residents, skilled immigrants might return home.
Here is what we found:
� Foreign nationals contributed to more than half of the international patents filed by companies such as Qualcomm (QCOM) (72%), Merck (MRK) (65%), General Electric (GE) (64%), Siemens (SI) (63%), and Cisco (CSCO) (60%). Their contributions were relatively small at Microsoft (MSFT) (3%) and General Motors (GM) (6%). Surprisingly, 41% of the patents filed by the U.S. government had foreign nationals listed as inventors.
� Foreign nationals contributed to 25.6% of all U.S. international patent applications in 2006, but the numbers were much higher in several states such as New Jersey (37%), California (36%), and Massachusetts (32%).
� In 2006, 16.8% of international patent applications from the U.S. had inventors with Chinese names and 36% of these (or 5.5% of the total) were foreign nationals. Similarly, 13.7% had Indian names and 40% (or 6.2% of the total) were foreign nationals.
� Both Indian and Chinese inventors tended to file most patents in the fields of medicine, pharmaceuticals, semiconductors, and electronics.
Our analysis of the immigration data produced the most startling results.
"Immigration Limbo" We estimate that, as of Sept. 30, 2006, there were 500,040 individuals in the main employment-based visa categories and an additional 555,044 family members in line for permanent-resident status in the U.S. An additional 126,421 with job offers were waiting abroad. In total, there were 1,181,505 educated and skilled professionals waiting to gain legal permanent-resident status.
In the 2005-06 academic year, there were 259,717 international students in the U.S. There were an additional 38,096 in practical training�many of these are PhD researchers.
One thing is certain: If we wait five years to fix immigration policy, the unskilled workers will still be here, but the skilled workers who are in "immigration limbo" will be long gone. Our loss will be the gain of countries we are increasingly competing with in the new global landscape.
The problem is simple. There aren't enough permanent-resident visas available each year for skilled workers and their families. And there is a limit of fewer than 10,000 visas that can be issued to immigrants from any single country. So countries with the largest populations such as India and China are allocated the same number of visas as Iceland and Mongolia.
Visa Delays Deprive U.S. of Talent The result is that wait times for employment visas currently stretch from four to six years for immigrants from countries such as India and China, and all indications are that these delays will get longer. Based on a 2003 study of new legal immigrants to the U.S. called the New Immigrant Survey, we estimate that in 2003, about 1 in 3 professionals who had been through the immigration process either planned to leave the U.S. or were uncertain about remaining. Media reports and other anecdotal evidence indicate that many skilled workers have indeed begun to return home.
Much of the current public debate on immigration centers on concerns over low-skilled immigrants entering the U.S. illegally. We do need to develop fair policies to deal with this problem. But skilled immigrants who enter the U.S. legally are a different issue. Professor Richard Devon of Pennsylvania State University estimates that in the U.S. about $200,000 is invested in a child by the time they gain a bachelor's degree in engineering. That means that the U.S. gains billions of dollars in benefit from educated professionals who leave other countries to come here. And we lose billions when they return home. Additionally, we end up training highly skilled workers in our markets, technology, and way of doing business.
Consider this: Earlier research by my team found that more than half of the engineering and technology companies started in Silicon Valley and a quarter of those started nationwide from 1995 to 2006 had immigrant founders. These companies employed 450,000 workers and generated $52 billion in revenue in 2006. Their founders tended to be very highly educated in science, technology, math, and engineering-related disciplines, with 96% of them holding bachelor's degrees and 75% holding master's degrees or PhDs (see BusinessWeek.com, 6/11/07, "Immigrants: Key U.S. Business Founders").
Patents: Evidence of Entrepreneurial Activity We also uncovered some puzzling data on patent filings. When we analyzed the international patent database maintained by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), we found that 1 in every 4 patent applications from the U.S. in 2006 listed a foreign national residing in the U.S. as an inventor. This number had increased threefold over an eight-year period and didn't take into account inventors who had become U.S. citizens before applying for a patent.
We realized that these foreign-national inventors were not likely to be from the same immigrant group that was founding high-tech companies. They were likely to be PhD students and employees of U.S. corporations who are in the U.S. on temporary visas. Temporary-visa holders can't easily start their own companies�their visas require them to work full time for the company that sponsored them.
For our new research, we reanalyzed the WIPO patent database to look at which immigrant groups and corporations were applying for the most patents. To understand the foreign-national data, we examined extensive information published by the Homeland Security Dept., the Labor Dept., and the State Dept. We also reviewed the New Immigrant Survey to gain insight into the immigration process and to examine the potential that, even after becoming permanent residents, skilled immigrants might return home.
Here is what we found:
� Foreign nationals contributed to more than half of the international patents filed by companies such as Qualcomm (QCOM) (72%), Merck (MRK) (65%), General Electric (GE) (64%), Siemens (SI) (63%), and Cisco (CSCO) (60%). Their contributions were relatively small at Microsoft (MSFT) (3%) and General Motors (GM) (6%). Surprisingly, 41% of the patents filed by the U.S. government had foreign nationals listed as inventors.
� Foreign nationals contributed to 25.6% of all U.S. international patent applications in 2006, but the numbers were much higher in several states such as New Jersey (37%), California (36%), and Massachusetts (32%).
� In 2006, 16.8% of international patent applications from the U.S. had inventors with Chinese names and 36% of these (or 5.5% of the total) were foreign nationals. Similarly, 13.7% had Indian names and 40% (or 6.2% of the total) were foreign nationals.
� Both Indian and Chinese inventors tended to file most patents in the fields of medicine, pharmaceuticals, semiconductors, and electronics.
Our analysis of the immigration data produced the most startling results.
"Immigration Limbo" We estimate that, as of Sept. 30, 2006, there were 500,040 individuals in the main employment-based visa categories and an additional 555,044 family members in line for permanent-resident status in the U.S. An additional 126,421 with job offers were waiting abroad. In total, there were 1,181,505 educated and skilled professionals waiting to gain legal permanent-resident status.
In the 2005-06 academic year, there were 259,717 international students in the U.S. There were an additional 38,096 in practical training�many of these are PhD researchers.
One thing is certain: If we wait five years to fix immigration policy, the unskilled workers will still be here, but the skilled workers who are in "immigration limbo" will be long gone. Our loss will be the gain of countries we are increasingly competing with in the new global landscape.
varshadas
02-09 08:26 PM
Yes, I will send in the details for the telcon shortly
No comments:
Post a Comment